9 research outputs found
Probing Dark Matter Substructure in Lens Galaxies
We investigate the effects of numerous dark matter subhalos in a galaxy-sized
halo on the events of strong lensing, to assess their presence as expected from
the cold dark matter scenario. Lens galaxies are represented by a smooth
ellipsoid in an external shear field and additional cold dark matter subhalos
taken from Monte Carlo realizations which accord with recent N-body results. We
also consider other possible perturbers, globular clusters and luminous dwarf
satellites, for comparison. We then apply the models to the particular lens
systems with four images, B1422+231 and PG1115+080, for which smooth lens
models are unable to reproduce both the positions of the images and their radio
flux ratios or dust-free optical flux ratios simultaneously. We show that the
perturbations by both globular clusters and dwarf satellites are too small to
change the flux ratios, whereas cold dark matter subhalos are most likely
perturbers to reproduce the observed flux ratios in a statistically significant
manner. This result suggests us the presence of numerous subhalos in lens
galaxies, which is consistent with the results of cosmological N-body
simulations.Comment: 19 pages, including 5 figures, ApJ in pres
The local space density of dwarf galaxies
We estimate the luminosity function of field galaxies over a range of ten
magnitudes (-22 < M_{B_J} < -12 for H_0 = 100 km/s/Mpc) by counting the number
of faint APM galaxies around Stromlo-APM redshift survey galaxies at known
distance. The faint end of the luminosity function rises steeply at M_{B_J}
\approx -15, implying that the space density of dwarf galaxies is at least two
times larger than predicted by a Schechter function with flat faint-end slope.
Such a high abundance of dwarf galaxies at low redshift can help explain the
observed number counts and redshift distributions of faint galaxies without
invoking exotic models for galaxy evolution.Comment: 20 pages, 5 included postscript figures, uses AAS LaTex macros.
Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Two figures and
associated discussion added; results and conclusions unchange
The Properties of Poor Groups of Galaxies: III. The Galaxy Luminosity Function
We obtain R-band photometry for galaxies in six nearby poor groups for which
we have spectroscopic data, including 328 new galaxy velocities. For the five
groups with luminous X-ray halos, the composite group galaxy luminosity
function (GLF) is fit adequately by a Schechter function with Mstar = -21.6 +/-
0.4 + 5log h and alpha = -1.3 +/- 0.1. We also find that (1) the ratio of
dwarfs to giants is significantly larger for the five groups with luminous
X-ray halos than for the one marginally X-ray detected group, (2) the composite
GLF for the luminous X-ray groups is consistent in shape with that for rich
clusters, (3) the composite group GLF rises more steeply at the faint end than
that of the field, (4) the shape difference between the field and composite
group GLF's results mostly from the population of non-emission line galaxies,
whose dwarf-to-giant ratio is larger in the denser group environment than in
the field, and (5) the non-emission line dwarfs are more concentrated about the
group center than the non-emission line giants. This last result indicates that
the dwarfs and giants occupy different orbits (i.e., have not mixed completely)
and suggests that the populations formed at a different times. Our results show
that the shape of the GLF varies with environment and that this variation is
due primarily to an increase in the dwarf-to-giant ratio of quiescent galaxies
in higher density regions, at least up to the densities characteristic of X-ray
luminous poor groups. This behavior suggests that, in some environments, dwarfs
are more biased than giants with respect to dark matter. This trend conflicts
with the prediction of standard biased galaxy formation models. (Abridged)Comment: 36 pages, AASLaTeX with 8 figures. Table 1 also available at
http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/papers/all_grp_lf_ascii.dat.final . To
appear in Ap
The Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Dorado group down to Mv=-11
We present V and I CCD photometry of suspected low-surface brightness dwarf
galaxies detected in a survey covering ~2.4 deg^2 around the central region of
the Dorado group of galaxies. The low-surface brightness galaxies were chosen
based on their sizes and magnitudes at the limiting isophote of 26.0V\mu. The
selected galaxies have magnitudes brighter than V=20 (Mv=-11 for an assumed
distance to the group of 17.2 Mpc), with central surface brightnesses \mu0>22.5
V mag/arcsec^2, scale lengths h>2'', and diameters > 14'' at the limiting
isophote. Using these criteria, we identified 69 dwarf galaxy candidates. Four
of them are large very low-surface brightness galaxies that were detected on a
smoothed image, after masking high surface brightness objects. Monte Carlo
simulations performed to estimate completeness, photometric uncertainties and
to evaluate our ability to detect extended low-surface brightness galaxies show
that the completeness fraction is, on average, > 80% for dwarf galaxies with
and 22.5<\mu0<25.5 V mag/arcsec^2, for the range of sizes
considered by us (D>14''). The V-I colors of the dwarf candidates vary from
-0.3 to 2.3 with a peak on V-I=0.98, suggesting a range of different stellar
populations in these galaxies. The projected surface density of the dwarf
galaxies shows a concentration towards the group center similar in extent to
that found around five X-ray groups and the elliptical galaxy NGC1132 studied
by Mulchaey and Zabludoff (1999), suggesting that the dwarf galaxies in Dorado
are probably physically associated with the overall potential well of the
group.Comment: 32 pages, 16 postscript figures and 3 figures in GIF format, aastex
v5.0. To appear in The Astronomical Journal, January 200
The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in Compact Groups
From R-band images of 39 Hickson compact groups (HCGs), we use galaxy counts
to determine a luminosity function extending to M_R=-14.0, approximately two
magnitudes deeper than previous compact group luminosity functions. We find
that a single Schechter function is a poor fit to the data, so we fit a
composite function consisting of separate Schechter functions for the bright
and faint galaxies. The bright end is best fit with M^*=-21.6 and alpha=-0.52
and the faint end with M^*=-16.1 and alpha=-1.17. The decreasing bright end
slope implies a deficit of intermediate luminosity galaxies in our sample of
HCGs and the faint end slope is slightly steeper than that reported for earlier
HCG luminosity functions. Furthermore, luminosity functions of subsets of our
sample reveal more substantial dwarf populations for groups with x-ray halos,
groups with tidal dwarf candidates, and groups with a dominant elliptical or
lenticular galaxy. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that
within compact groups, the initial dwarf galaxy population is replenished by
"subsequent generations" formed in the tidal debris of giant galaxy
interactions.Comment: 26 pages, to be published in The Astrophysical Journal, 8 greyscale
plates (figures 1 and 2) can be retrieved at
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/sdh/pubs.htm
Selling Ethics: Discourses of Responsibility in Tourism
10.1080/24694452.2016.1218266Annals of the American Association of Geographers1071218-23